Constitution of the islamic republic of iran in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful. Adopted october 24, 1979 article 1 the form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran qanuni asasiyi jomhuiriyi islkmiyi iran has replaced iran s first constitution. On february 11, 1979, the islamic revolution swept the. Recommendations for the next president alex vatanka mei policy focus 201617 middle east institute policy focus series july 2016 the next u. It delegates power to a religious leader, originally the ayatollah khomeini, to be chosen by elected representatives. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah.
These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ace for any give topic of interest weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. Mar 06, 2018 what caused the iranian revolution in 1979. The destiny of irans 1979 revolution cannot be understood. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikipedia. The 1979 revolution, which brought together iranians across many different social groups, has its roots in irans long history. Iran since the revolution by sepehr zabih johns hopkins press, 1982 p. Religious background of the 1979 revolution in iran. Case studies in economic sanctions and terrorism 791. Nevertheless, iran found itself severely isolated on the international scene and unable to effectively pursue its goal of preeminence in the persian gulf.
Magnum photos is a photographic cooperative of great diversity and distinction owned by its photographer members. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran adopted. December 1979 iranian constitutional referendum wikipedia. An overview 6 3 ideological factions among iran s leadership elite 11 4 the president 22 5 the supreme leader of the revolution 46 6 the constitutional assemblies 58 7 the revolutionary armed security forces 65. How great was cia involvement in the 1979 iranian revolution.
The intensity of the iranian revolution of 1979 and the suddenness with which it appeared out of the blue surprised many people both in iran itself and in the rest of the world. Iran european union relations during khomeinis leadership 19791989 188. The politics of national celebrations in postrevolutionary iran. From 1941 to 1979, iran was ruled by king mohammad reza pahlavi, the shah. A critical introduction to khomeini as the architect of the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini remains one of the most inspirational and enigmatic fi gures of the twentieth century. Map of iran xvi i iran s maze of power centers 1 1 introduction 2 2 formal and informal power structures in iran. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the islamic ummah. Crs 1981, 36 8 november 1979 us halts shipment of military spare parts to iran. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. He maintained good relations with the west, especially with the. Jan 30, 2011 from an iranian writer who lived through the 1979 revolution. Photos show iran before the 1979 islamic revolution business insider. Shapour bakhtiar as his new prime minister with the help of supreme army councils couldnt control the situation in the country anymore.
The iranian revolution was the islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of shah. The governments extremist rhetoric incited fear throughout the region and even the west. A constitutional referendum was held in iran on 2 and 3 december 1979. The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and quranic justice, in the referendum of farwardin 9 and 10 in the year 58 of the solar islamic calendar, corresponding to jamadialawwal 1 and 2 in the year 99 of the lunar. Prior to this event, the united states had excessive power over the iranian government. The egypt riots and the 1979 iranian revolution, a note of. A history of modern iran in a radical reappraisal of irans modern history, ervand abrahamian traces its traumatic journey across the twentieth century, through the discoveryofoil,imperialinterventions,theruleofthepahlavis,and,in 1979, revolution and the birth of the islamic republic. Department of economics virginia tech version may 2006 abstract despite nearly three decades of revolutionary government rule in iran poverty and inequality remain the central issues of political debate in iran. Jan 12, 2016 on december 28th i posted a question and my own reply about the u. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, iran s islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances.
Iran islamic republic of s constitution of 1979 with amendments through 1989. Feb 02, 2009 cia coup plot helped aid 1979 iranian revolution opinions by tom brandt opinions editor monday, february 2, 2009 this week, the iranian people are celebrating a dubious holiday the 30th anniversary of their islamic revolution which the united states and britain, in part, can take credit for helping to bring about. The shah was an autocrat, and ruled the country by himself. The content of my posting is a huge, comprehensive deepdive analysis of the relationship. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The nature of the political system in the islamic republic of iran. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. A copy of the iranian constitution may be obtained from the iran analytic center, telephone confidential rp 791 january 1979 approved for release 20020509. With respect to the islamic content of the iranian revolution, which was a movement for the.
Political participation in iran from the constitutional. Ciardp80t00942a0006000700020 25x1 approved for release 20020509 the iranian constitution the demands ollranian political and religious opposi tion leaders that the shah return. Ten days later bakhtiar went into hiding, eventually to find exile in paris. Sep 21, 2019 the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins of. Two of those books were from the azari poet samad behrangi. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. The 1979 islamic revolution brought a radical, theocratic regime to power in iran. After days of unrest, after declaring martial law in some of the countrys main cities, the authoritarian leader gave a much. In this presentation, i hope to examine some of the factors that contributed to that revolution. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 december 1979, and went into force replacing the constitution of 1906. With powerful individual vision, magnum photographers chronicle the world and interpret its peoples, events, issues and personalities. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. Pdf iran as a very ancient country is experiencing a different kind of media policy that is based on freedom, religion and social responsibility.
Things changed when the westminded shah was overthrown and forced into exile in 1979. The iranian revolution opened a new chapter in the history of mass popular revolutions in the world. Political participation in iran from the constitutional revolution to the present mehrangiz kar february 1st, 2007 in order for political participation to exist, a democratic political system and freedom from legal and social obstacles must already be in place. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikisource. The iranian revolution of 1979 was unexpected, to say the least. This western influence led to antiamerican sentiment in iran. Prince pahlavi later crowned shah reigned until the 1979 revolution with one brief interruption. The constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements. View 1979 iranian revolution research papers on academia. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that men might conduct themselves with fairness preamble. The iranian constitution was adopted on 24 october 1979, and was the effective law of the country as of 3 december of that same year. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society on the basis of islamic principles and norms, which represent the earnest aspiration of the islamic ummah. My brother of 17yo was in shahs jail for having read three books. Feb 10, 2017 the observer photographer david newell smith visited iran in 1979, when ayatollah khomeini returned to tehran from exile in paris, ending the shahs rule.
Once these conditions exist, no segment of society may be forced into silence. The adoption of the new constitution was the second major development after the seizure of power by the revolutionary forces in tehran on february 11, 1979, and the fall of the government of shahpur. The iranian political elite, state and society relations, and foreign. Stanford journal of international relations the second. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. The revolution placed iran at the forefront of middle east politics and the islamic revival. In this lesson, were going to see how a protest of clerics and students turned into a rapid revolution, and explore the impacts. The destiny of irans 1979 revolution cannot be understood without this coup by mahmoud delkhasteh 3 years ago no comment the u.